石油烃和营养盐的复合污染对海洋浮游植物的影响Ⅰ. 石油烃对海洋浮游植物吸收营养盐的影响     

王江涛  赵卫红  李雪莲  李慧 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(1):43-48

通过向具有相同营养盐浓度的培养体系中添加不同浓度的石油烃,对中肋骨条藻、赤潮异弯藻、微小亚历山大藻和锥状斯氏藻进行周期性培养,探讨了石油烃对微藻营养盐吸收动力学的影响.结果发现,在开始30min内,微藻对营养盐均有一非耗能的短暂快吸收,随后吸收速率下降并趋于稳定.石油烃对中肋骨条藻和赤潮异弯藻氮、磷的吸收都表现抑制作用,浓度从0.13 mg/L到8.25mg/L的石油烃所呈现的抑制作用基本表现为先减弱后逐渐增强,8.25mg/L浓度的石油烃抑制作用最强.与中肋骨条藻和赤潮异弯藻实验结果不同的是,石油烃对微小亚历山大藻和锥状斯氏藻的氮、磷吸收在低浓度时呈现促进作用,且促进作用的程度随石油烃浓度的增加有先增强后减弱的趋势,在高浓度下促进作用会消失,8.25mg/L的石油烃不表现促进作用.石油烃对微藻营养盐吸收动力学的影响表现出复杂性,这既受石油烃浓度的影响,也与浮游植物的种类有重要关系.  相似文献   

九龙江河-海系统夏季浮游植物磷胁迫研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

莫钰  林丽贞  郑丽平  黄邦钦 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(1):241-248

采用群落水平和细胞水平碱性磷酸酶活性(APA)相结合的方法,研究了2010年夏季(6-7月)九龙江河-海系统(河流-河口-邻近海域)浮游植物的磷胁迫,结果表明,单位叶绿素a的APA在河流下游区[(48.80±14.69)nmol/(h.μg Chl a)]显著高于河口区[(10.60±15.58)nmol/(h·μg Chl.a)]和邻近海域[(23.54±25.41)nmol/(h·μg Chl.a)],表明河流区的浮游植物磷胁迫显著高于河口区和邻近海域.三个区域高比例的游离态APA表明该水域浮游植物已较长时间处于磷胁迫状态.细胞水平的浮游植物荧光标记结果显示,河口区(20％±20％)与邻近海域(38％±20％)无显著差异(P＞0.05),此结果与群落水平APA结果相一致;但河口-邻近海域浮游植物的标记比例显著高于河流下游区(9％±3％)(P＜0.05).  相似文献   

The physical simulation of wave groups and their variations in a wave flume     

LIU Si  ZHANG Yongliang  LIU Shuxue  LI Jinxuan  XIA Zhisheng 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(11):68-73

The physical simulation method of wave groups in a wave flume is proposed and verified by the exper- iments. The experimental results demonstrate that random waves with desired wave groupiness, which simultaneously includes the wave group height and length, can be generated satisfactorily at the specified position in a wave flume using the proposed method. Furthermore, the transformation properties of the wave groupiness along the fiat-bottomed wave flume are investigated based on the physically simulated waves. Associated proposals with the physical simulation of wave groups are given.  相似文献   

H<Emphasis Type="Italic">α</Emphasis> survey of the local volume: Isolated southern galaxies     

S. S. Kaisin  A. V. Kasparova  A. Yu. Knyazev  I. D. Karachentsev 《Astronomy Letters》2007,33(5):283-291

We present our Hα observations of 11 isolated southern galaxies: SDIG, PGC 51659, E 222-010, E 272-025, E 137-018, IC 4662, Sag DIG, IC 5052, IC 5152, UGCA 438, and E 149-003, with distances from 1 to 7 Mpc. We have determined the total Hα fluxes from these galaxies. The star formation rates in these galaxies range from 10^?1 (IC 4662) to 10^?4 M _⊙ yr^?1 (SDIG) and the gas depletion time at the observed star formation rates lies within the range from 1/6 to 24 Hubble times H ₀ ^?1 .  相似文献   

面向不同用户群体的社交媒体台风舆情演化分析及对比研究     

金城  吴文渊  陈柏儒  杨续超 《地球信息科学学报》2021,23(12):2174-2186

社交媒体数据可以为台风灾害追踪、灾时救援和灾情评估提供及时有效的信息。现有研究常采用主题建模和情感分析等技术对台风期间社交媒体平台（如新浪微博等）舆论话题和情感变化进行研究。在省域范围内以小时为时间粒度的多维度有效性论证尚有欠缺,且在舆情分析时未能区分用户群体差异。本文以台风“利奇马”为例,在浙江省域范围内,以新浪微博数据为研究对象,首先从词频分析、台风关注度时空变化以及特定灾害事件响应3个角度探讨了微博数据对台风灾情响应的有效性;其次采用隐含狄利克雷分布（Latent Dirichlet Allocation,LDA）主题模型技术挖掘微博文本主题信息,并根据Louvain算法对主题社团进行划分;然后开发了一种基于自定义情感词典的情感分析方法用于情感指数计算,与SnowNLP相比情感倾向性预测精度得到了提高;最后分析了台风期间官方和民众在新浪微博平台上的话题关注以及情感演变差异。结果表明：① 在省级范围内,微博数据能有效反映台风动态和灾害时空分布;② 台风事件微博文本的主题变化反映了灾情不同阶段舆论关注点的动态变化;③ 官方微博文本比民众微博文本具有更明确的主题社团结构;④ 台风事件相关微博文本中的消极情绪在台风登陆后显著增加,其中民众微博文本对台风灾害的情绪响应更及时,官方微博文本中的情感表达始终相对积极。  相似文献   

Uptake and recovery of soil nitrogen by bryophytes and vascular plants in an alpine meadow   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

WANG Jin-niu  SHI Fu-sun  XU Bo  WANG Qian  WU Yan  WU Ning 《山地科学学报》2014,11(2):475-484

Due to their particular physiology and life history traits, bryophytes are critical in regulating biogeochemical cycles and functions in alpine ecosystem. Hence, it is crucial to investigate their nutrient utilization strategies in comparison with vascular plants and understand their responses to the variation of growing season caused by climate change. Firstly, this study testified whether or not bryophytes can absorb nitrogen(N) directly from soil through spiking three chemical forms of 15N stable isotope tracer. Secondly, with stronger ability of carbohydrates assimilation and photosynthesis, it is supposed that N utilization efficiency of vascular plants is significantly higher than that of bryophytes. However, the recovery of soil N by bryophytes can still compete with vascular plants due to their greater phytomass. Thirdly, resource acquisition may be varied from the change of growing season, during which N pulse can be manipulated with 15N tracer addition at different time. Both of bryophytes and vascular plants contain more N in a longer growing season, and prefer inorganic over organic N. Bryophytes assimilate more NH4+ than NO3– and amino acid, which can be indicated from the greater shoot excess 15N of bryophytes. However, vascular plants prefer to absorb NO3– for their developed root systems and vascular tissue. Concerning the uptake of three forms N by bryophytes, there is significant difference between two manipulated lengths of growing season. Furthermore, the capacity of bryophytes to tolerate N-pollution may be lower than currently appreciated, which indicates the effect of climate change on asynchronous variation of soil N pools with plant requirements.  相似文献   

Are We There Yet? A Roadmap to Understanding National Park Service Rulemaking     

Jeffrey J. Cook 《社会与自然资源》2014,27(12):1257-1270

The preproposal stage of the rulemaking process is notoriously understudied, but enormously important in determining regulatory outputs. Recently, Rinfret (2011c Rinfret , S. R. 2011c . Frames of influence: U.S. environmental rulemaking case studies . Rev. Policy Res. 28 ( 3 ): 231 – 245 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) analyzed the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) rulemaking process and developed a frame analysis model to interpret stakeholder influence during the preproposal stage. Rinfret argues that stakeholders use three frames to influence agency rulemaking, including an expertise, a fiscal feasibility, and an information frame. This article tests this model to determine whether it is applicable to other federal agencies such as the National Park Service (NPS). Through an analysis of stakeholder framing within the 2012 NPS Yellowstone Winter Use Rule, this research confirms that Rinfret's model is indeed applicable to the NPS process. Therefore, this research suggests that this theoretical model examining stakeholder influence is applicable to other public land agencies, and arguably can be applied across the bureaucracy.  相似文献   

Go with the flow: geospatial analytics to quantify hydrologic landscape connectivity for passively dispersed microorganisms     

Alexander Hohl  Ross K. Meentemeyer 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(8):1626-1641

Understanding the diverse ways that landscape connectivity influences the distribution of microbial species is central to managing the spread and persistence of numerous biological invasions. Here, we use geospatial analytics to examine the degree to which the hydrologic connectivity of landscapes influences the transport of passively dispersed microbes, using the invasive plant pathogen Phytophthora ramorum as a case study. Pathogen occurrence was analyzed at 280 stream baiting stations across a range of watersheds – exposed to variable inoculum pressure – in California over a 7-year period (2004–2010). Using logistic regression, we modeled the probability of pathogen occurrence at a baiting station based on nine environmental variables. We developed a novel geospatial approach to quantify the hydrologic connectivity of host vegetation and inoculum pressure derived from least cost distance analyses in each watershed. We also examined the influence of local environmental conditions within the immediate neighborhood of a baiting station. Over the course of the sampling period, the pathogen was detected at 67 baiting stations associated with coastal watersheds with mild climate conditions, steep slopes, and higher levels of inoculum pressure. At the watershed scale, hydrologic landscape connectivity was a key predictor of pathogen occurrence in streams after accounting for variation in climate and exposure to inoculum. This study illustrates a geospatial approach to modeling the degree to which hydrologic systems play a role in shaping landscape structures conducive for the transport of passively dispersed microbes in heterogeneous watersheds.  相似文献   

The influence of air–sea–ice interactions on an anomalous phytoplankton bloom in the Indian Ocean sector of the Antarctic Zone of the Southern Ocean during the austral summer, 2011     

《Polar Science》2014,8(4):370-384

An anomalous phytoplankton bloom was recorded in the Indian Ocean sector of the Antarctic Zone (AZ) of the Southern Ocean (SO) during the austral summer, 2011. Possible mechanisms for the triggering of such a large bloom were analyzed with the help of in situ and satellite data. The bloom, which formed in January 2011, intensified during February and weakened by March. High surface chlorophyll (Chl) concentrations (0.76 mg m⁻³) were observed in the area of the bloom (60°S, 47°E) with a Deep Chlorophyll Maximum (DCM) of 1.15 mg m⁻³ at a depth of 40–60 m. During 2011, both the concentration and spatial extent of sea ice were high on the western side of the bloom, between 0°E and 40°E, and enhanced freshwater influx was observed in the study area as a result of melting ice. A positive Southern Annular Mode (SAM) (with a resultant northward horizontal advection) and an intense La Niña during 2010–2011 are possible reasons for the high sea-ice concentrations. The enhanced Chl a observed in the study region, which can be attributed to the phytoplankton bloom, likely resulted from the influx of nutrient-laden freshwater derived from melting sea ice.  相似文献   

Urban Economic Cluster Template and Its Dynamics of Beijing,China     

YANG Zhenshan  LIANG Jinshe  CAI Jianming 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,(6):740-750

Economic clusters have been a central focus of current urban and regional research, policies and practices. However, a meth- odology to identify and analyze policy-relevant economic cluster dynamics is still not well developed. Based on input-output （I-O） data of 1987, 1992, 1997, 2002 and 2007 of Beijing, this article presents an adapted principle component analysis for identifying the evolu- tion of local economic cluster patterns. This research addresses the changes of economic interaction of industries with complementary and common activities over time. The identified clusters provide an insight into the reality of economic development in a diversifying urban economy： the increasing importance of services and the growing interaction between service and manufacturing industries. Our method therefore provides the analysts with a better understanding of the emergence, disappearance and development of economic clus- ters citywide. The results could be used to assist monitoring urban economic development and designing more practical urban economic strategies.  相似文献